2020年高考英语全国卷阅读理解翻译(高考英语阅读翻译2020)

Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身的好处，而且很可能减少受伤。
不过，它也有自己的问题。
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.竞走运动员是受条件限制的。
夏季奥运会最长的田径项目是50公里竞走，比马拉松大约长5英里。
但是这项运动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在大部分的腿部摆动中保持笔直，并且一只脚始终保持与地面接触。
不过，马萨诸塞州塞勒姆州立大学(Salem State University)运动科学助理教授贾克琳?诺伯格(Jaclyn Norberg)说，正是这种奇怪的形式让竞走成为一项如此吸引人的活动。
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.她说，像跑步一样，竞走对身体要求很高。
根据大多数计算，以每小时6英里的速度运动的竞走者将消耗大约800卡路里每小时，这大约是步行消耗的两倍，尽管比跑步少，跑步每小时可能消耗大约1000或更多的卡路里。
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.然而，诺伯格博士说，竞走对身体的冲击没有跑步大。
根据她的研究，跑步者每一步落地的重量是他们体重的四倍，而不离开地面的竞走者每一步只能产生大约1.4倍的体重。
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.因此，她说，一些与跑步相关的损伤，如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并不常见。
但是这项运动奇怪的形式确实给脚踝和臀部带来了相当大的压力，所以有过这种损伤史的人在采用这项运动时可能要小心。
她说，事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该先咨询教练或有经验的运动员，学习正确的技术。
这需要一些练习。
28. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?为什么竞走运动员是受条件的限制的？A. They must run long distances.他们必须跑很长的距离。
B. They are qualified for the marathon.他们有资格参加马拉松比赛。
C. They have to follow special rules.他们必须遵守特殊规则。
D. They are good at swinging their legs.他们擅长摆动他们的腿。
【答案： C 】29. What advantage does race walking have over running?竞走比跑步有什么优势？A. It’s more popular at the Olympics.它在奥运会上更受欢迎。
B. It’s less challenging physically.身体上没那么有挑战性。
C. It’s more effective in body building.它在健身方面更有效。
D. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.它不太可能导致膝盖受伤。
【答案： D 】30 What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking?诺伯格博士对尝试竞走的人有什么建议？A. Getting experts’ opinions.征求专家的意见。
B. Having a medical checkup.进行体检。
C. Hiring an experienced coach.雇佣一个有经验的教练。
D. Doing regular exercises.定期锻炼。
【答案： A 】31. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?哪个词最能描述作者对竞走的态度？A. Skeptical. 怀疑的。
B. Objective. 可观的。
C. Tolerant. 包容的。
D. Conservative. 保守的。
【答案： B 】