get的现在分词
现在分词形式及用法完全总结,下面一起来看看本站小编春天之溪给大家精心整理的答案，希望对您有帮助
现在分词是非谓语动词的一种形式，顾名思义非谓语动词是不能作谓语但又具备动词性质和特征的一种动词形式。以do为例，它的基本形式是doing，被动形式是being done，完成是形式是having done，完成时的被动形式是having been done，所有否定式都是not+doing，即not紧跟现在分词形式，例如:not doing/not having done等。现在分词从时间上来讲表示进行，从语态上来讲表示主动，记住分词和它的逻辑主语一定是主谓关系，亦即它的动作就是逻辑主语发出来的。另外，现在分词除了不能做谓语之外，他可以做表语、定语、状语、宾语补语等，它还具备一些动词的特征，比如，它后面可以带宾语，也可有自己的状语等。
下面请看一道例题:1，Thinking of his son,who was killed in a traffic accident,______.
A.his heart sank B.he was in deep sorrow C.tears came into his eyes D.we found him in tears
解析：现在分词作状语时，分词的动作要和主句主语保持一致，也就是说，分词的动作也是主句主语发出来的，是属于逻辑上的主谓关系。分析这一道题，A,C选项的主语都不会thinking of,想起他儿子的只有是he,所以答案选择B.
2， The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Wenchuan,__________the students to return to their classrooms.
A.enabling B.to enable C.to have enabled D.having enabled
追问:答案选A，但是能不能选B呢，不可以看成是不定式作目的状语吗？另：请再解释一下the school damaged by.....中的damaged的用法？是过去分词作定语吗？为什么它可以省略which was?
解析：你的理解有一定道理，但是你只知其一不知其二，动词不定式做目的状语放在句子的后面常常不能用“，”隔开，所以由于本题中在Wenchuan就出现了一个小小的逗号，故不能选择B而只能选择A了。damaged by...就是过去分词作后置定语，表示被动。过去分词做后指定语时，常常可以改写成which was damaged by引导的定语从句。
(1) 其实分词分为现在分词和过去分词，做表语的现在分词往往表示“令人怎么样”修饰物，而过去分词往往表示“让人感到怎么样”，描述人；例如，interesting，有趣的，修饰物，an interesting book.一本有趣的书，而interested则是描述人，I am interested in a book.是说我对于书籍感兴趣。另外，exciting令人激动的，而excited则是“感到激动的”，moving是“令人感动的”，而moved则是“受感动的”
如：Traveling is interesting but tiring.
旅行有趣但易疲劳。
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.
如果学生学的太多，他们会糊涂的。
(2) 分词作表语，相当于形容词，往往表示主语的性质、特征或状态，不能与正在进行时(现在分词)和被动语态(过去分词)混为一谈。它们的形式虽然相同但是意义区别很大。注意:一般进行时和被动语态表示动作。
请比较：The film is moving.
这电影很感人。（表语，说明主语的性质）
They are moving to Hang Zhou next Sunday ．
下个周日，他们要搬家到杭州。（现在进行时，表示动作）
My watch is broken now.我的手表坏了。(特征)
My vase is broken into pieces.我的花瓶被打破了。(动作)
(1) 单个的现在分词(doing)作定语时常常前置，如：
I’m reading an interesting novel.
我在读一本非常有趣的小说。
(2) 现在分词短语作定语，常常后置，可以改写成一个定语从句。如：
Most people living here are teachers.=Most people who are living here are teachers.(其中who引导的就是定语从句)
住在这里的大多数人都是教师。
选择现在分词做状语，一定是主句的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语，也就是说，分词的动作也是主句主语发出来的；如果主句的主语和分词的动作是动宾关系，就要选择“过去分词”做状语，如果分词的主语和主句的主语不一致，也就是说分词的主语另有其主，那就要用“独立主格结构”。
A) 现在分词（短语）作时间状语
Walking in the street,I saw him.当我在街上走时，我看到他了。(walk和saw的发出者都是I)
可以转化为一个时间状语从句：When/While I was walking in the street,I saw him.
注意:当从句的主语和主句主语一致时，就可以改写为When/While walking in the street,I saw him.把I was给省略掉也可以。特别注意，如果上面的例句是这样:
When/While he was walking in the street,I saw him. 当他走在街上，我看到他了。
这样，从句主语和主句主语不一致，所以就不可省略。
B）作条件状语
如： Working hard,you will succeed. （只要）努力工作，你就会成功。
可以转换为if引导的状语从句。即：If you work hard, you will succeed.
C)作原因状语
如： Being ill,she stayed at home. （因为）生病，她留在家里
注意：being是常用来作原因状语的
这句可以转换为相应的原因状语从句：Because/As she was ill, she stayed at home.
D)作让步状语
现在分词的完成时形式表达“分词的动作发生在主句动作之前”。
如. Having failed many times,he didn't lose heart. 有很多次失败，他没有灰心。(失败在先，灰心在后，所以用having failed，改成状语从句时，就要用过去完成时)
=Although he had failed many times, he didn't lose heart.
E)作结果状语
如： His parents died,leaving Tom alone.他的父母死了，结果只剩给汤姆自己了。
=His parents died, so he left Tom alone.
F)作方式状
Please answer the question using another way. 请用另一种方式回答这个问题
G)作伴随状语,表示现在分词的动作正在进行中。
He sat on the chair, singing songs.
4. 现在分词（短语）作宾语补足语
(1)现在分词（短语）在感官动词feel，hear，notice，observe，see，smell，watch，listen to，look at等之后作宾补。主语:感官动词之后的宾补可以用动词的两种形式，第一，现在分词，表示动作在进行中，未结束；第二，省略to的不定式形式，表示动作已经完成。
I saw a boy playing basketball on the playgroung.
我看见一个男生在操场打篮球。
we could hear her singing as she ran upstairs.
我们可以听到她边唱歌边跑上楼。
We found a naughty boy enter our classroom.(我们发现一个淘气男孩走进了我们的教室。)
(2) 现在分词（短语）在使役动词get，have 及bring(致使)，keep(使)，leave（使），send(使)，set（使开始）， start（使开始）等之后作宾补。这种情况往往表示“让或使某人/某物处于某种状态”。
The doctor will soon have you walking about again.
医生将很快地使你能再走动。（have在此表示允诺）
The children kept the fire burning all the time.
孩子让火一直燃烧着。
(3) 现在分词（短语）在其他动词catch，detect，discover，find，want等之后作宾补。如：
The manager caught me smoking in the office again.
经理又抓住我在办公室抽烟了。
We don’t want you becoming too confident.
我不希望你变得太自信。
I found her reading in bed.
我发现她在床上看书。
注意:选择现在分词做宾语补语时，要看宾语和宾补的关系，如果是主动关系就选择现在分词，如果是动宾关系就选择过去分词。例如:I found a thief stealing a lot of money from your pocket.(我发现一个小偷从你的兜里偷走了许多钱。其中小偷thief和偷steal是主谓关系，故用现在分词stealing)。
I found a lot of money stolen in your pocket.(我发现你兜里的许多钱被偷了。其中money和steal是动宾关系，所以就用了过去分词stolen)。
经过以上总结，希望各位考生能够对现在分词的用法有一个全面系统地了解，从而应对高考。非谓语动词是高考必考的知识点也是重点、难点，相当一部分考生一遇到分词类的题目就茫然不知所措。答疑解难是一个老师的义务和责任，我的总结能够帮助到你，是我最大的快乐。
1. 用于“get＋名词＋宾补”，该宾语补足语可以是：
(1) 不定式。其意为“使……做……”(具有使役性)。如：
He got his son to post the letter. 他叫他儿子去寄信。
(2) 现在分词。其意为“使……(开始)起来”或处于某种状态。如：
It’s not hard to get him talking;the problem is stopping him. 要他说话不难，难的是说开了止不住他。
(3) 过去分词。表示被动关系。如：
I’ll try to get it published. 我要设法让它发表(出版)。
He got his fingers caught in the door. 他的手指让门给夹给了。
【注】以上各句中的 get 可换成 have。
(4) 形容词，意为“使……(变成某种状态)”。如：
I can’t get the door open. 这门我打不开。
We’ve got everything ready. 我们已把一切都准备好了。
2. 用作连系动词，表示状态的变化，其后所接表语可以是:
(1) 形容词。如：
It’s getting cold. 天冷起来了。
Please don’t get angry. 请别生气。
【注】get 之后一般不接表示颜色的形容词，如不说 get black /white / red, 遇此情况可用 go 或 turn。
(2) 过去分词。如：
He got lost in the woods. 他在树林里迷路了。
Don’t get caught in the storm. 别撞上暴雨了。
注:“get＋过去分词”结构有时是系表结构，有时是被动语态，这主要看其中的过去分词是强调状态(为系表结构)还是强调动作 (为被动语态)。表示被动时，与用 be 有区别：一般说来，用 get 除表示更强的动作意味外，还往往表示一种突发性的，出乎意料的偶发事件。如：
How did the window get broken? 这窗子是怎么打破的?
He got killed when crossing the road. 过马路时他被车撞死了。
(3) 不定式。如：
You will get to like your work. 你会慢慢喜欢你的工作的。
Soon they got to be good friends. 不久他们就成了好朋友。
(4) 现在分词。如：
Soon I got talking to her. 很快我就同她谈起话来。
Hadn’t we better get moving? 我们要不要先干起来?
现在分词的七种用法
（一）作定语
1. 动词现在分词单独作定语，通常放在所修饰词前。例如：
The sleeping boy is Tom.
2. 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面，意思同定语从句差不多。例如 ：
Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise.=Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise.
3. 现在分词可相当于非限制性定语，常用逗号分开。例如：
Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill.=Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill.
4. 有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合词作定语。例如：
This is an English-speaking country.
（二）作表语
现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing, exciting 等。例如：
The story is moving.
（三）现在分词在句中作宾语补足语，这时现在分词和前面的宾语有逻辑上的“主表”关系或“主谓”关系。例如：
We all found his equipment interesting. (主表关系)
I saw Mary going upstairs then. (主谓关系)
（四）作状语
现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语一般是句中的主语，如果不是，需在V-ing 形式前加名词或代词主格作逻辑主语。
1. 作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。例如：
Being ill, Mary didn't come to school yesterday.
2. 作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句。例如：
Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking.
如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生，常在现在分词前加上when或while。例如：
While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon.
3. 作条件状语。
V-ing 形式作条件状语时，相当于一个条件状语从句。例如：
Working harder, you'll be No. 1 in your class.
4. 作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句。例如：
Weighing almost two hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone.
5. 作结果状语。例如：
He died, leaving nothing but debts.
6. 作伴随状语或方式状语。例如：
He sat by the roadside, begging.
（五）现在分词的完成式表示它发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前。例如 ：
Having finished his homework, he left the classroom.
（六） 现在分词的被动式
当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，用V-ing 形式的被动式。例如：
The factory being built now is a big one.
（七） 现在分词的否定形式是由“not + 现在分词”构成。例如：
Not having been invited to the party, she had to stay home.
过去分词的用法
1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,既表示被动,又表示完成.
(1)_ The cup is broken. 茶杯破了.
2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,只表示动作的完成.
(2) He is retired. 他已退休.
3. 有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很接近被动结构.
(3)The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山.
过去分词作表语
【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作.
(1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作)
(2) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了.(过去分词作表语)
【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成, -ing 形式表示主动或进行.有些动词如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用 -ing 形式来修饰物.
(3) The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣.
过去分词作定语
作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成.
1. 过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前.
We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况.
2. 过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中.
The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功.
3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号.
The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人.
4. 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关.
The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视.
过去分词作状语
1. 过去分词作状语过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作.
(1) Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好.
【注意】written 为过去分词作状语,表示这篇文章是被写的,而且已经被写. 值得注意的是,有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主动.这样的过去分词及短语常见的有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); stationed (驻扎); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦).
(2) Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音.
2. 过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语,此时应注意人称一致.
(1) Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.
再给我一个小时,我也能解这道题.(given 为过去分词作状语,它的逻辑主语为主句主语 I ,即 I 被再给一个小时.)
(2)Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.
从山顶看城市,城市显得更漂亮.(seen 为过去分词作状语,表"被看",由语境可知,它的逻辑主语必须是城市,而不是"我们",因为"我们"应主动看城市.)
【注意】如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语,主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语,这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构.
(1) The signal given, the bus started. 信号一发出,汽车就开动了.(the signal 是 given 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语 the bus 就不是given 的逻辑主语.
(2) Her head held high, she went by. 她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去.(her head 是 held high 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语 she 就不再是held high 的逻辑主语.)
3. 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句.
(1) Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨,所以他全身湿透了. (caught in a heavy rain 为过去分词短语作原因状语,它来源于原因状语从句 Because he was caught in a heavy rain.)
(2)_Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快.( grown in rich soil 为过去分词作条件状语,它来源于条件状语从句 If these seeds are grown in rich soil.
【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成"连词+过去分词"结构作状语.
When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定.
4. 过去分词作状语的位置.过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语,后面有逗号与主句隔开;也可放在主句后面,前面有逗号与主句隔开.
He stood there silently, moved to tears.=Moved to tears, he stood there silently. 他静静地站在那里,被感动得热泪盈眶.
过去分词作宾语补足语
(一)能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类:
1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词.如:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等.
(1) I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌.(过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard;)
(2)He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大.(过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作found)
2. 表示"致使"意义的动词.如:have, make, get, keep, leave等.
(1) I'll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发.
(2) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了.
(3) Don't leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完.
【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系.
(二)使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况.
1. 过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成.
(1) He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了.(被别人偷去了)
2. 过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历.如:
(2) He had his leg broken.他的腿断了. (自己的经历)
"with +宾语+过去分词"结构
"with +宾语+过去分词"结构中,过去分词用作介词 with的宾语补足语.这一结构通常在句中作时间,方式,条件,原因等状语.例如:
(1) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后.(表方式)
(2) With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气.(表条件)
(3) With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解决,我们都回家了.(表原因)
(4)_She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前,眼睛注视着他.
(5) He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然举着手站了一会儿.
（一）分词的作用
·现在分词可用于：
·①构成进行时。e.g. We are studying English.
·②当副词作状语。e.g. The children came, singing and dancing.
·③当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。
·e.g. Falling leaves danced in the air.
·I saw many birds flying along the river.
·The story is very moving.
·过去分词可用于：
·①构成完成时。 e.g. The play had begun when we arrived there.
·②构成被动语态。e.g. English is widely spoken in the world.
·③当副词作状语。e.g. Seen here, the city looks more beautiful.
·④当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。
·e.g. a boy named Tom
·I saw the girl killed with my own eyes.
·I’m interested in English.
（二）现在分词与过去分词的两大差别
1. 现在分词与过去分词的最大差别在语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动。
2. 现在分词与过去分词的第二大差别在时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成。
3. 把握主、被动关系的两个前提
1）弄清动词的确切含义。不少主、被动关系判断错误都是由于没弄清动词的确切含义造成的。
Wrong: Girls frighten snakes.
Right: Girls fear snakes./ Snakes frighten girls.
牢记: tire, disappoint, satisfy, terrify, interest, frighten, worry, excite, surprise, please, seat, puzzle, ect. 只能作及物动词，都有“使动”的特点，都含“使……”之义。
2）能熟练判断分词的逻辑主语。即明白与哪个词去构成主、被动关系。
分词的逻辑主语
逻辑主语就是与分词具有主、被动关系的名词或代词。它既可能是句子主语，又可能是句中宾语，或者是句中其它成分；它既可能是动作行为的发出者，也有可能是动作行为的承受者。那种认为逻辑主语就是动作行为的发出者的理解是片面的。
分词的逻辑主语的位置不是固定不变的, 而是“活”的——随着分词所作语法成分的不同，其逻辑主语位置也不同，所以确定逻辑主语前首先要确定分词的语法成分。
（1）作状语时
Seeing the teacher come in, all the students stood up.
the students是seeing的逻辑主语
Heated, the metal expands. the metal是 heated的逻辑主语
结论：分词作状语，其逻辑主语是句子主语。
（2）作宾补时
I saw him reading last night. him 是reading的逻辑主语
His wife found his hair dyed black. hair是 dyed的逻辑主语
结论：分词作宾补，其逻辑主语是句子宾语。
（3）作表语时
The film is moving. the film是 moving的逻辑主语
The visitors looked surprised.
the visitors是surprised的逻辑主语
结论：分词作表语，其逻辑主语是句子主语。
（4）作定语时
This is an interesting book. book是 interesting的逻辑主语
The moved children looked serious.
children是 moved的逻辑主语
结论：分词作定语，其逻辑主语是被修饰词（即中心词）。
（5）用于复合结构中时（即在独立主格中与with复合结构中）
With the task completed, we went out to take some fresh air.
the task是 completed的逻辑主语
It being Sunday, they had no classes. it 是being的逻辑主语
结论：分词用于复合结构，逻辑主语是复合结构中的逻辑主语
（三）确定分词的使用的具体步骤
（1）根据句子结构确定分词的语法成分
（2）找准逻辑主语
（3）判断主、被动关系
（4）选定现在或过去分词
1. There was a terrible noise ____ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed
简析：根据语法分析可知，待选部分是修饰 noise 的定语短语；据常识“雷声随闪电之后到来”，自然A noise follows the sudden burst of light , noise与follow是主动关系。因此，该题应选B。
2. The Olympic Games, ____ in 776 B. C., didn’t include women until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played
C. first played D. to be playing
简析：根据语法分析可知，待选部分是一个作定语、修饰 The Olympic Games 的后置分词短语；The Olympic Games是动词 play 的承受者，且已完成 (in 776 B. C.)。因此，该题选C。
3. What’s the language ____ in Germany?
A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak
简析：该题应选B。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句 which is spoken
4. Most of the people ____ to the party were famous scientists.
A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting
简析：该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句 who were invited
5. The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written
简析：该题应选D。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句which were written
（四）分词作表语
共同点：分词作表语时，它起着形容词的作用。
不同点：分词作表语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作表语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。
1. The news sounds ____.
A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. to encourage
简析：根据语法分析可知， sounds 在此句中用作连系动词, 待选部分应作表语 ；The news 对于动词 encourage 来说应是主动关系，即消息鼓舞人心。因此，该题应选A。
2. —How did Bob do in the exams this time?
—Well, his father seems ____ with his results.
A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. to please
简析：根据语法分析可知, seems 在此句中用作连系动词, 待选部分作表语。 再根据 his father 对于动词 please 来说应是被动关系, 即这个结果使他的父亲高兴。因此, 该题应选C。
3. —How did the audience receive the new play?
—They got very ____.
A . excite B . excited C . excitedly D . exciting
简析：该题应选B。测试他们被那出新戏所打动。
（五）分词作宾语补足语
共同点：分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语，对句子的宾语起补充或说明作用。
不同点：分词作宾语补足语时，句子的宾语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。
1. The next morning she found the man ____ in bed, dead.
A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying
简析：首先，根据语法分析可知, 待选部分在句中应作宾补, 补充说明宾语 the man; 再根据宾语 the man 对于动词 lie 来说应是主动关系, 且lie 这个动作与谓语动词 found 同时进行。因此, 该题应选A。
2. —Good morning. Can I help you?
—I’d like to have the package ____, madam.
A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed
简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分在句中应作宾补，补充说明宾语 the package; 再根据 the package 对于动词 weigh 来说, 只能是被动关系。因此，该题应选D。
3. He is not good at English, so it is not easy for him to make himself ______.
A. understand B. understanding C. understood D. understands
简析：该题应选C。himself是make的宾语，待选部分的逻辑主语。由于英语表达能力差，说出的英语别人难于听懂，也就不易被人理解。因此，这里用过去分词来表达这一被动含义。
4. If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air ____ against your face.
A. moved B. moving C. moves D. to move
简析：该题应选B。测试使役动词后用现在分词作宾补表示宾语正发出的动作。
（六）分词作状语
共同点：分词作状语时，一般在句子中作时间、原因、方式或伴随等状语。
不同点：分词作状语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。
1. “Can’t you read?” Mary said ，____ to the notice.
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing
简析：该题应选A。测试现在分词作伴随状语，通过副词 angrily 进行干扰。若B 答案为 and pointed angrily 时也对。
2. ____ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not
C. Not having received D. Having not received
简析：该题应选C。 测试非谓语动词的否定式是在其前直接加 not 。若动作发生在主句动作之前时用非谓语的完成式。
3. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, ____ that he had enjoyed his stay here.
A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added
简析：该题应选C。测试现在分词可以作补充说明的状语。
另外，分词作状语时，如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一致时，需要独立主格结构或 with 复合结构来替代。(此时，也可把该分词看成介词的宾语补足语。)
例：The murderer was brought in, with his hands ____ behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
简析：很显然，待选部分的逻辑主语是 his hands，而不是句子的主语 The murderer , 而 his hands 对于动词 tie 来说只能是被动关系。因此，该题应选D。
综上所述，现在分词与过去分词的根本区别是主、被动关系，正确认定逻辑主语是正确使用分词的关键。明白这一道理并不难，最重要的是要养成“分析句子成分——寻找逻辑主语——判断主被动关系”这一思维定势。
现在分词和过去分词的用法
1.分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。
Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Using what you know of word stems and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word.
The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking. Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. Given better attention, the plants could grow better.
He looked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by the news of his mother's illness.
分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。
Not shaving enough hands, we turned to them for help.(we don't have enough hands).
Taught by mistakes and setbacks, we have become wiser and handled our affairs better. (We are taught / teach us).
Inspired by the International, the working people of all countries have been fighting for their final liberation. (The working people were inspired / inspire the working people)
____ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge. (96,6)
A) Having believed B) Believing C) Believed D) Being believed
意为：相信地球是平的，许多人担心哥伦布会从边上掉下去。许多人与相信之间是主谓关系，及分词与主语之间为主谓关系，因此，应用现在分词。
No matter how frequently__, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences. (95,6)
A) performing B) performed C) to be performed D) being performed
句中贝多芬的作品被反复表演，可见分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词。
____as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention. (96,1)
A) Being published B) Published C) Publishing D) To be published
句中 as 引导的是让步状语从句，意为：他的作品尽管在被这样的时候出版，还是引起了关注，可见分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词。
2. “while (when, once, until, if , though 等连词)＋分词”结构
现在分词或过去分词作状语时，有时可以在分词前加 while，when, once, although, until, if 等连词。
When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us. While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work.
Once recovered, he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well.
Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam. If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.
3.分词作定语
分词作定语时，单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系)，过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。
We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.
This is really an exhausting day to all of us!
We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.
After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day.
More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries.
The young sitting between my sister and my brother is my cousin Jack.
As early as 1649 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be established in every town ____50 households or more. (98,1)
A) having B) to have C) to have had D) having had
Town后面由分词做定语，而且town本身有50或以上人家，故town与分词间为主谓关系，应该用现在分词。
4. 分词作宾语补足语
4.1 现在分词在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance 等感官动词和 look at, listen to 等短语动词，以及 have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语，作宾语补语的成分。
On the top of the hill, we could see smoke rising from the chimneys in the village.
The little boy sat beside the railway line and watched the trains roaring by.
We should not leave him wondering what he should do.
I am sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.
I caught him dozing off in class.
4.2 过去分词可以在 allow, ask, consider, desire, expect, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, like, make, observe, order, permit, prefer, remember, request, require, see, urge 动词等后面作宾语补足语。
After my encounter with her, I found myself greatly shaken. You should keep her informed of what is going on here. The teacher expected the students well prepared for the examination.
4.2 在动词 see, hear, feel, watch, notice，perceive，observe, listen to, look at 后既可用现在分词做补语,也可用不定式做补语。用现在分词表示动作正在进行,用不定式表示的动作的全过程已经完成。
I saw Mr. White get off a bus.
I saw Mr. White looking into a shop window.
——Do you hear someone knocking at the door?
——Yes, I did. I heard him knock three times.
5 .分词作表语——分词作表语通常看作形容词来用。现在分词表示主语的性质，而且主语多为物；过去分词表示主语的感受或状态，主语多为人。
The film “Pearl Harbor” is really exciting. I am excited about it.
His response to the question was quite disappointing. I felt disappointed at his response.
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